技术标签: 算法 python 机器学习 TSP+python
旅行商人要拜访n个城市,并最终回到出发城市,要求每个城市只能拜访一次,优化目标是最小化路程之和。
20个城市坐标:(88, 16),(42, 76),(5, 76),(69, 13),(73, 56),(100, 100),(22, 92),(48, 74),(73, 46),(39, 1),(51, 75),(92, 2),(101, 44),(55, 26),(71, 27),(42, 81),(51, 91),(89, 54),(33, 18),(40, 78)
结果路径图如下:
粒子群算法模仿鸟群觅食行为,核心思想是通过向距离食物最近的鸟集聚,不断更新速度和位置以达到最优解,即表现不好的个体通过向表现好的个体学习使得自身往好的方向转变,这里存在一个前提:所有鸟知道距离食物的远近,距离食物最近包含两部分:当前最近和历史最近。标准粒子群算法适合求解函数极值问题,在TSP、背包问题上多用混合型粒子群算法。详细介绍可参考[粒子群算法研究]
算法设计的关键在于如何向表现较好的个体学习,标准粒子群算法引入惯性因子w、自我认知因子c1、社会认知因子c2分别作为自身、当代最优解和历史最优解的权重,指导粒子速度和位置的更新,这在求解函数极值问题时比较容易实现,而在TSP问题上,速度位置的更新则难以直接采用加权的方式进行,一个常见的方法是采用基于遗传算法交叉算子的混合型粒子群算法进行求解,这里采用顺序交叉算子,对惯性因子w、自我认知因子c1、社会认知因子c2则以w/(w+c1+c2),c1/(w+c1+c2),c2/(w+c1+c2)的概率接受粒子本身、当前最优解、全局最优解交叉的父代之一(即按概率选择其中一个作为父代,不加权),具体算法实现如下。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
粒子群算法求解TSP问题
随机在(0,101)二维平面生成20个点
距离最小化
"""
import math
import random
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.pylab import mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 添加这条可以让图形显示中文
def calDistance(CityCoordinates):
‘’’
计算城市间距离
输入:CityCoordinates-城市坐标;
输出:城市间距离矩阵-dis_matrix
‘’'
dis_matrix = pd.DataFrame(data=None,columns=range(len(CityCoordinates)),index=range(len(CityCoordinates)))
for i in range(len(CityCoordinates)):
xi,yi = CityCoordinates[i][0],CityCoordinates[i][1]
for j in range(len(CityCoordinates)):
xj,yj = CityCoordinates[j][0],CityCoordinates[j][1]
if (xixj) & (yiyj):
dis_matrix.iloc[i,j] = round(math.pow(10,10))
else:
dis_matrix.iloc[i,j] = round(math.sqrt((xi-xj)2+(yi-yj)2),2)
return dis_matrix
def calFitness(line,dis_matrix):
‘’’
计算路径距离,即评价函数
输入:line-路径,dis_matrix-城市间距离矩阵;
输出:路径距离-dis_sum
‘’'
dis_sum = 0
dis = 0
for i in range(len(line)-1):
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[i],line[i+1]]#计算距离
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
dis = dis_matrix.loc[line[-1],line[0]]
dis_sum = dis_sum+dis
return round(dis_sum,1)
def draw_path(line,CityCoordinates):
‘’’
#画路径图
输入:line-路径,CityCoordinates-城市坐标;
输出:路径图
‘’‘
x,y= [],[]
for i in line:
Coordinate = CityCoordinates[i]
x.append(Coordinate[0])
y.append(Coordinate[1])
x.append(x[0])
y.append(y[0])
plt.plot(x, y,‘r-’, color=’#4169E1’, alpha=0.8, linewidth=0.8)
plt.xlabel(‘x’)
plt.ylabel(‘y’)
plt.show()
def crossover(bird,pLine,gLine,w,c1,c2):
‘’’
采用顺序交叉方式;交叉的parent1为粒子本身,分别以w/(w+c1+c2),c1/(w+c1+c2),c2/(w+c1+c2)
的概率接受粒子本身逆序、当前最优解、全局最优解作为parent2,只选择其中一个作为parent2;
输入:bird-粒子,pLine-当前最优解,gLine-全局最优解,w-惯性因子,c1-自我认知因子,c2-社会认知因子;
输出:交叉后的粒子-croBird;
‘’'
croBird = [None]*len(bird)#初始化
parent1 = bird#选择parent1
#选择parent2(轮盘赌操作)
randNum = random.uniform(0, sum([w,c1,c2]))
if randNum <= w:
parent2 = [bird[i] for i in range(len(bird)-1,-1,-1)]#bird的逆序
elif randNum <= w+c1:
parent2 = pLine
else:
parent2 = gLine
<span class="token comment">#parent1-> croBird</span>
start_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>randint<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> start_pos<span class="token operator">></span>end_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>end_pos <span class="token operator">=</span> end_pos<span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos
croBird<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent1<span class="token punctuation">[</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">:</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>copy<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># parent2 -> croBird</span>
list1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>start_pos<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
list2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">list</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>end_pos<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
list_index <span class="token operator">=</span> list1<span class="token operator">+</span>list2<span class="token comment">#croBird从后往前填充</span>
j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> list_index<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> j <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>j<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>parent2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span> croBird<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
croBird<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> parent2<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> croBird
if name == ‘main’:
#参数
CityNum = 20#城市数量
MinCoordinate = 0#二维坐标最小值
MaxCoordinate = 101#二维坐标最大值
iterMax = 200#迭代次数
iterI = 1#当前迭代次数
<span class="token comment">#PSO参数</span>
birdNum <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token comment">#粒子数量</span>
w <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.2</span><span class="token comment">#惯性因子</span>
c1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.4</span><span class="token comment">#自我认知因子</span>
c2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.4</span><span class="token comment">#社会认知因子</span>
pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#当前最优值、当前最优解,(自我认知部分)</span>
gBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>gLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#全局最优值、全局最优解,(社会认知部分)</span>
<span class="token comment">#随机生成城市数据,城市序号为0,1,2,3...</span>
<span class="token comment"># CityCoordinates = [(random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate),random.randint(MinCoordinate,MaxCoordinate)) for i in range(CityNum)]</span>
CityCoordinates <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">88</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">16</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">76</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">76</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">69</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">13</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">56</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">22</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">92</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">48</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">74</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">73</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">46</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">39</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">51</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">75</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">92</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">101</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">44</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">55</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">26</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">71</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">81</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">51</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">91</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">89</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">54</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">33</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">40</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">78</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
dis_matrix <span class="token operator">=</span> calDistance<span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#计算城市间距离,生成矩阵</span>
birdPop <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>random<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sample<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>birdNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#初始化种群,随机生成</span>
fits <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>birdNum<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#计算种群适应度</span>
gBest <span class="token operator">=</span> pBest <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#全局最优值、当前最优值</span>
gLine <span class="token operator">=</span> pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment">#全局最优解、当前最优解</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> iterI <span class="token operator"><=</span> iterMax<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token comment">#迭代开始</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>birdPop<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> crossover<span class="token punctuation">(</span>birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine<span class="token punctuation">,</span>gLine<span class="token punctuation">,</span>w<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>c2<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
fits<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> calFitness<span class="token punctuation">(</span>birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>dis_matrix<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
pBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>pLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator"><=</span> gBest<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
gBest<span class="token punctuation">,</span>gLine <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>birdPop<span class="token punctuation">[</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">.</span>index<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token builtin">min</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fits<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>iterI<span class="token punctuation">,</span>gBest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#打印当前代数和最佳适应度值</span>
iterI <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token comment">#迭代计数加一</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>gLine<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#路径顺序</span>
draw_path<span class="token punctuation">(</span>gLine<span class="token punctuation">,</span>CityCoordinates<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">#画路径图</span>
智能优化算法类别 | 启发式算法求解TSP问题系列博文 |
---|---|
进化算法 | 遗传算法求解TSP问题 |
仿人智能优化算法 | 禁忌搜索算法求解TSP问题 |
仿自然优化算法 | 模拟退火算法求解TSP问题 |
群智能优化算法 | 蚁群算法求解TSP问题 |
群智能优化算法 | 粒子群算法求解TSP问题 |
总结篇 | 五种常见启发式算法求解TSP问题 |
改进篇 | 遗传-粒子群算法&遗传-禁忌搜索算法求解TSP问题 |
记录学习过程,欢迎指正
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文章浏览阅读145次。题目链接:https://www.acwing.com/problem/content/description/222/给定整数N,求1<=x,y<=N且GCD(x,y)为素数的数对(x,y)有多少对。GCD(x,y)即求x,y的最大公约数。输入格式输入一个整数N输出格式输出一个整数,表示满足条件的数对数量。数据范围1≤N≤10^7输入样例:4..._线性筛预处理质数表, 并求出欧拉函数, 预处理前缀和即可 bzoj2818boj
文章浏览阅读4.1k次,点赞8次,收藏23次。通过一定的方法找出与给定关键字相同的数据元素的过程叫做查找。也就是根据给定的某个值,在查找表中确定一个关键字等于给定值的记录或数据元素。_读取表元是什么意思
文章浏览阅读8.3k次,点赞4次,收藏18次。我们在非撮合回测模式下,因为无法获知交易价格当时的真实盘口价差、挂单数量,常主观设定一个滑点均值,比如针对螺纹钢等合约,设置 1 跳,针对某些交易不活跃的品种,设置 2 跳。但是这种近乎拍脑袋的方法并不精确。我们今天尝试通过简单的辅助工具,实现尽可能接近准确的 tick 级别滑点设置,代码已写好,不用编程也可获得结果。_滑点设置多少合适
文章浏览阅读551次。尚硅谷大数据技术之 Azkaban—————————————————————————————更多 Java –大数据 –前端 –python 人工智能资料下载,可百度访问:尚硅谷官网尚硅谷大数据技术之 Azkaban(作者:尚硅谷大数据研发部)版本:V3.0一 概述1.1 什么是 AzkabanAzkaban 是由 Linkedin 公司推出的一个批量工作流任务调度器,主要用于在一个工作流内以一个特定的顺序运行一组工作和流程,它的配置是通过简单的 key:value 对的方式,通过配置中_azkaban要建立job之间的依赖关系需要使用
文章浏览阅读5k次,点赞2次,收藏9次。#! python3# encoding: utf-8import osimport chardetdef strJudgeCode(str1): return chardet.detect(str1)"""def readFile(path): with open(path,'r',encoding='utf-16 le') as f: filecontent ..._utf16le转换utf8
文章浏览阅读1.1k次。AppWidget 窗口小部件的开发思想和Demo 这篇文章讲一下android系统“窗口小部件”(也叫做,主屏幕部件)的开发过程。什么叫窗口小部件呢?是指在主屏幕上显示的独立视图(不过填充了数据)。这些视图的数据内容由后台进程顶起更新。要用到RemoteViews来显示部件,还要指派广播接收器更新这些RemoteViews. 既可以单独做个窗口小部件,也可在App中嵌入多个窗口小部_安卓小部件开发demo
文章浏览阅读844次。接之前的SpringBoot项目通过金蝶中间件部署中未处理的问题新建的springboot项目是2.3.1的版本,打包到金蝶中部署就一直栈内存溢出后来把pom文件中的父依赖换成了2.2.4版本,打包部署到金蝶中就能运行了,我也不知道具体原因。如果有知道具体原因的请不吝赐教。..._金蝶中间件部署项目